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NYSE: CCI · Telecom Tower REITs

Crown Castle

Crown Castle is a U.S. tower REIT that owns, leases, or manages about 40,000 towers and rents space on them to wireless carriers under long-term contracts. On May 1, 2026 it completed the sale of its fiber solutions business to Zayo and its small cells business to Arium Networks for $8.5 billion, becoming a pure-play U.S. tower company. FY2025 revenue from continuing operations was $4.26 billion, of which site rental revenues were 95%, and T-Mobile, AT&T, and Verizon together made up about 90% of site rental revenues. The dividend was cut to $1.0625 a quarter in 2025.

Last updated

Analysis last edited: October 12, 2026 · Financial data fetched: October 17, 2026 10:06 (SEC EDGAR) · Source 10-K filed: February 23, 2026

Built on10-K FY2025 · filed 2026-02-2310-Q (quarter ended 2026-09-30) · filed 2026-11-04

Next update expectedAfter FY2026’s 10-K is filed (roughly 60–90 days after fiscal year end (sooner for larger filers)), financials and analysis will be refreshed.

01

At a glanceFrom SEC data

Eight headline measures, each placed among the companies covered on this site.

Revenue growth
-6.1%

Higher than 1% of 372 non-financial companies

Average yearly growth over the years shown

Operating margin
48.7%

Higher than 96% of 311 non-financial companies

Latest fiscal year (FY2025)

ROIC minus WACC
+2.9 pts

Higher than 48% of 311 non-financial companies

Return on capital above (or below) its estimated cost

Net debt ÷ EBITDA
8.8x

Higher than 97% of 304 non-financial companies

Below 0 means more cash than debt

Cash conversion
6.89x

Higher than 96% of 349 non-financial companies

Operating cash flow ÷ net income

Dividend raises
0 of 5

Years the dividend per share rose, of the last 5

P/E today
47.7x

Latest close 2026-11-04; trailing 12 months to 2026-09-30

Beta
0.38

Above 1 = moves more than the market

Each marker shows where this company sits among the non-financial companies covered on this site, not all listed companies (left = lowest, right = highest). A high position is not automatically good — for net debt ÷ EBITDA, higher means more debt. Details and formulas are in the sections below and in How to read this.

02

Valuation todayFrom SEC data

Price-based measures at the latest close, next to the same measures at the last fiscal year-end.

Share price$90.16close on 2026-11-04

Market cap$39.22B

P/E today
47.7x

At FY2025 year-end: 88.0x

Earnings: trailing 12 months to 2026-09-30

P/B today
—

At FY2025 year-end: —

Book value at FY2025 year-end

EV/EBITDA today
23.0x

At FY2025 year-end: 22.7x

EBITDA for FY2025

FCF yield today
7.3%

At FY2025 year-end: 7.4%

Free cash flow for FY2025

Dividend yield today
5.3%

Dividends per share for FY2025

“Today” uses the latest closing price (2026-11-04, Yahoo Finance daily closing prices) and shares outstanding at the last fiscal year-end. The rest of this page — including the financial table and ROIC vs. WACC — uses fiscal year-end prices. These are reference figures, not a judgment of whether the stock is cheap or expensive.

03

What changed since last earningsFrom SEC data

The latest reported quarter against the same quarter a year earlier, the balance sheet against the previous quarter-end, and what management said in its latest earnings release.

Quarter ended Sep 30, 2026.

  • Revenue↓ −7.2%$1.07B → $995M (vs. a year earlier)
  • Operating margin↓ −2.2 pts49.0% → 46.7% (vs. a year earlier)
  • Net income↓ −12.4%$323M → $283M (vs. a year earlier)
  • Diluted EPS↓ −9.5%$0.74 → $0.67 (vs. a year earlier)
  • Cash↓ −87.2%$1.04B → $133M (vs. previous quarter-end)

Source: Form 10-Q ↗ (SEC XBRL). Long-term debt is the tagged long-term debt figure and leaves out short-term borrowings.

04

Company profileFrom SEC dataShow

Legal name
CROWN CASTLE INC.
Headquarters
HOUSTON, TX
Incorporated in
Delaware
Fiscal year end
12/31
Exchange & ticker
NYSE: CCI
Industry
Telecom Tower REITs
CIK
1051470

Workforce (as of FY2025 year-end)

  • Employees

    4,000

Source: Form 10-K (FY2025) cover page and business description

05

Earnings calendarFrom SEC dataShow

When the company reports each quarter: the quarter-end date, the day results were released, and when the 10-Q or 10-K was filed.

Next report

Q4 FY2026

Quarter end: December 2026. In past years, Q4 results were released 24–72 days after quarter end (Feb 4, 2026; Mar 13, 2025; Jan 24, 2024). No date has been announced in the sources this site uses.

Reporting pattern

  • Fiscal year ends around December 31.
  • Reports four times a year: three quarterly reports (10-Q) and an annual report (10-K) for Q4.
  • Earnings releases came 16–72 days after quarter end over the last 12 quarters.
QuarterQuarter endedEarnings release (8-K)Report filed (10-Q / 10-K)
Q3 FY2026Sep 30, 2026Oct 21, 2026 (+21 days)Nov 4, 2026 10-Q (+35 days)
Q2 FY2026Jun 30, 2026Jul 22, 2026 (+22 days)Aug 5, 2026 10-Q (+36 days)
Q1 FY2026Mar 31, 2026May 1, 2026 (+31 days)May 7, 2026 10-Q (+37 days)
Q4 FY2025Dec 31, 2025Feb 4, 2026 (+35 days)Feb 23, 2026 10-K (+54 days)
Q3 FY2025Sep 30, 2025Oct 22, 2025 (+22 days)Nov 6, 2025 10-Q (+37 days)
Q2 FY2025Jun 30, 2025Jul 23, 2025 (+23 days)Aug 6, 2025 10-Q (+37 days)
Q1 FY2025Mar 31, 2025Apr 30, 2025 (+30 days)May 9, 2025 10-Q (+39 days)
Q4 FY2024Dec 31, 2024Mar 13, 2025 (+72 days)Mar 14, 2025 10-K (+73 days)
Q3 FY2024Sep 30, 2024Oct 16, 2024 (+16 days)Oct 30, 2024 10-Q (+30 days)
Q2 FY2024Jun 30, 2024Jul 17, 2024 (+17 days)Jul 30, 2024 10-Q (+30 days)
Q1 FY2024Mar 31, 2024Apr 17, 2024 (+17 days)May 1, 2024 10-Q (+31 days)
Q4 FY2023Dec 31, 2023Jan 24, 2024 (+24 days)Feb 23, 2024 10-K (+54 days)

Source: SEC EDGAR filing history. Release dates are the dates the earnings release was furnished to the SEC on Form 8-K (Item 2.02), which is normally the day results are announced. For a quarter whose 10-Q or 10-K isn’t filed yet, the date is the latest Item 2.02 8-K since the previous report, which may be a preliminary or other results-related update. Fiscal years are labeled by the calendar year in which they end.

06

Flagship products & servicesSite analysis

  • Towers

    Site rental

    Examples: Space and capacity on towers for antennas and equipment

    Leases, licenses, subleases, and service agreements.

  • Towers

    Site development services

    Examples: Site acquisition, architectural and engineering, zoning and permitting

    Non-recurring, fixed-fee services; installation services were discontinued in 2023.

Product descriptions are from the FY2025 Form 10-K's Item 1.

U.S. and worldwide share of flagship products/services

The filings reviewed give no market share figure for the company's products or services.

Reviewed: Form 10-K (FY2025) · Form 10-Q (quarter ended 2026-06-30)

07

Recent strategic focusSite analysis

Transformation into a pure-play U.S. tower company, from the 10-K and 2026 8-Ks.

  1. Fiber and small cells sold

    On May 1, 2026, Crown Castle closed the sale of fiber solutions to Zayo and small cells to Arium Networks for $8.5B in cash (agreement dated March 13, 2025).

    Source: 8-K filed 2026-05-01 (Item 2.01)

  2. Capital return and deleveraging

    The board authorized a $1.0B buyback on May 1, 2026; by Q2 end Crown Castle had completed $1B of repurchases and repaid more than $7B of debt.

    Source: 8-Ks filed 2026-05-01 and 2026-07-22

  3. Cutting costs

    The February 2026 restructuring plan cuts tower and corporate headcount in continuing operations by about 20%, with about $30M of charges and about $65M of expected annualized savings.

    Source: 8-K filed 2026-02-04 (Item 2.05); Form 10-K (FY2025) MD&A

  4. Dividend reset

    The quarterly dividend fell from $1.565 to $1.0625 in Q2 2025 under a capital allocation framework focused on free cash flow and financial flexibility.

    Source: Form 10-K (FY2025) MD&A

Capex ÷ D&A (FY2025)

0.26x

Below depreciation — investment is being pared back

formulacapital expenditures ÷ depreciation & amortization

e.g.$182M ÷ $690M = 0.26x

termsCapital expenditures (capex) · Depreciation & amortization (D&A)

M&A spend (6-year total)

$357M

Latest year: $0

Cash-flow-statement spending on acquisitions, net of cash acquired

Where the money goes, over time

Unit: $M. Capex went from $1.62B in FY2020 to $182M in FY2025

  • Capex
  • M&A spend

formulacapital expenditures ÷ depreciation & amortization

termsCapital expenditures (capex) · Depreciation & amortization (D&A)

Source: each period's Form 10-K (SEC EDGAR). Latest: filed 2026-02-23

08

Key figures at a glanceFrom SEC data

FY2020–FY2025, 6 years.

Revenue (FY2025)

$4.26B

As reported in the 10-K

Revenue CAGR (5 years)

-6.1%▼caution

formula(last-period revenue ÷ first-period revenue) ^ (1 ÷ years) − 1

e.g.($4,264M ÷ $5,840M) ^ (1÷5) − 1 = -6.1%

termsCAGR · ^ (exponent) · Revenue (net sales)

Operating margin (FY2025)

48.7%▲favorable

+16.8pt vs. 5 years ago

formulaoperating income ÷ revenue × 100

e.g.$2,075M ÷ $4,264M × 100 = 48.7%

termsOperating income · Revenue (net sales)

ROE (FY2025)

—▼caution

6-year average: 16.6%

As reported in the 10-K

P/B (FY2025 end)

—

formulafiscal year-end closing price ÷ book value per share

termsP/B · BVPS

Period-end (fiscal year-end) value, not today's P/B

EV/EBITDA (FY2025 end)

22.7x

formula(market cap + interest-bearing debt − cash and equivalents) ÷ (operating income + depreciation & amortization)

e.g.($38,658M + $24,337M − $99M) ÷ ($2,075M + $690M) = 22.7x

termsEV/EBITDA · Market capitalization · Interest-bearing debt · EBITDA · Depreciation & amortization (D&A)

Period-end (fiscal year-end) value, not today's multiple

  • ▼

    Revenue grew -6.1% a year over 5 years (a shrinking trend)

    From $5.84B in FY2020 to $4.26B in FY2025. The annualized rate (CAGR) makes it possible to compare growth pace across companies of different sizes.

  • ▲

    Operating margin improved: 31.9% → 48.7%

    How much operating profit is left per $100 of revenue. It moved +16.8 points over 5 years — pricing power, cost control, and product mix all show up here.

  • ▼

    Equity ratio is -5.2% (relatively heavy reliance on debt)

    The share of total assets funded by equity rather than debt. 50%+ is often read as low bankruptcy risk, though the right level varies by industry (real estate and leasing run lower, for instance).

  • ▲

    Free cash flow was positive in 6 of 6 years

    Operating cash flow minus capital expenditures: the cash left over after funding the business’s own investment, available for dividends, buybacks, acquisitions, or debt paydown. A negative year can mean heavy investment, or weak core earnings — worth distinguishing.

  • ▲

    ROE averaged 16.6% over 6 years (latest: —)

    How much profit was generated on shareholders’ equity. Roughly 10%+ is often cited as solid for a U.S. company, though this varies a lot by industry and capital intensity.

09

Business modelSite analysis

Leasing space and capacity on about 40,000 U.S. towers to wireless carriers and other tenants, plus pre-construction site development services.

How money and goods flow at Crown Castle
  1. 01 what it draws on

    Inputs & resources

    • Towers, about 60% of them on leased land
    • Ground leases with about 35 years average remaining life
  2. 02 what it does

    Activities

    • Adding tenants and equipment to existing towers
    • Site acquisition, engineering, zoning, and permitting services
  3. 03 who it serves

    Customers

    • National wireless carriers: T-Mobile, AT&T, Verizon
  4. 04 how money comes in

    How it earns

    • Site rental revenues under 5–15 year contracts with escalators
    • Site development service fees

How the business makes money

  • Site rental revenues were 95% of 2025 net revenues; tenant contracts had a weighted-average remaining life of about six years and $23.7B of expected future cash inflows, excluding DISH.
  • Sustaining capital expenditures are typically about 1% of net revenues; about 75% of site rental operating costs are ground lease expenses.

Government & regulation around the business

Non-market factors from the company’s filings: what governments and regulators fund, buy, set, approve or restrict, and which part of the flow above each one touches.

Crown Castle is a REIT whose tower construction requires NEPA environmental review.

  • Government funding & tax credits

    REIT tax status

    To keep REIT status (no corporate income tax on distributed income) it must distribute at least 90% of REIT taxable income each year.

    Supports and constrainsTouches: How it earns

    Source: Form 10-K (FY2025)

  • Environmental rules

    NEPA review

    NEPA requires environmental review of proposed tower construction.

    Constrains the businessTouches: Activities

    Source: Form 10-K (FY2025)

10

Contract structureSite analysisShow

Short-term or spot sales carry different earnings quality than long-term or auto-renewing contracts — this shows how the company actually contracts with its customers.

Tenants pay monthly rent under long-term contracts with limited termination rights and contractual price escalations.

  • Tower tenant contracts

    Site rental revenues were 95% of 2025 net revenues

    Typical term: Initial terms generally 5–15 years, with multiple 5-year tenant renewal options

    Weighted-average remaining life of about six years at year-end 2025.

  • Ground leases

    About 60% of towers site rental gross margin comes from towers on leased land

    Typical term: Average remaining life of about 35 years including Crown Castle's renewal options

    Ground leases are about 75% of site rental operating costs.

Source: Form 10-K (FY2025) — Item 1 and MD&A

11

Customers & suppliersSite analysis

Who the company sells to and buys from. Companies rarely name either, so named counterparties come only from the company's own filings and press releases; otherwise this lists the concentration figures the 10-K discloses.

Customers

Mostly national wireless carriers.

Named by the company

Suppliers

Landowners that lease the ground under about 60% of towers (by gross margin).

Named by the company

None named in the 10-K or the company’s press releases.

What the filings disclose

  • About 75% of site rental operating costs (excluding depreciation) are ground lease expenses. (Form 10-K (FY2025), MD&A)

12

Competitors & peersSite analysis

Competitors the 10-K names, and the peer group the company itself chose in its proxy statement. Nothing here is this site's own pick.

Crown Castle's 10-K says it competes for tenants with other independent tower owners, small cell operators, tenants that own their own towers, and new alternative deployment methods, on location, footprint, deployment speed, service, and price.

Competitors named in the 10-K

Peer group the company chose

2025 compensation peer group, from the proxy statement. Peers are companies the board considers comparable — for example when setting executive pay — not necessarily direct competitors.

Revised in May 2025 to reflect the post-divestiture business, with more REITs: ten companies removed and eight added.

Source: Proxy statement (DEF 14A, filed 2026-04-06) — Peer Group Data

Company names link to this site’s analysis where one exists; “site ↗” opens the company’s own website.

13

Six years of financialsFrom SEC data

Each chart's axis holds a single unit (never mixing dollars, %, and $/share). The table's per-period header links to the filing the numbers came from.

Revenue over time

Unit: $M

Source: each period's Form 10-K (SEC EDGAR). Latest: filed 2026-02-23

Profit over time (operating → net)

Unit: $M

  • Operating income
  • Pretax income
  • Net income

Source: each period's Form 10-K (SEC EDGAR). Latest: filed 2026-02-23

Margins over time

Unit: %

  • Operating margin
  • Net margin

formulaoperating income ÷ revenue × 100

termsOperating income · Revenue (net sales)

formulanet income attributable to the company ÷ revenue × 100

termsNet income (attributable to the company)

Cash flow over time

Unit: $M (below zero = cash went out)

  • Operating CF
  • Investing CF
  • Free CF

formulacash flow from operations − capital expenditures

termsFree cash flow (FCF) · Cash flow from operations (operating CF) · Capital expenditures (capex)

Source: each period's Form 10-K (SEC EDGAR). Latest: filed 2026-02-23

Financial stability & capital efficiency

Unit: %

  • Equity ratio
  • ROE

formulatotal equity ÷ total assets × 100 (as reported in the 10-K)

termsStockholders’ equity · Total assets

formulanet income ÷ average equity (beginning + ending, ÷2) × 100 (as reported in the 10-K)

termsNet income (attributable to the company) · Stockholders’ equity

Earnings per share (EPS) and dividend per share

Unit: $

  • EPS
  • Dividend per share

Source: each period's Form 10-K (SEC EDGAR). Latest: filed 2026-02-23

Line itemFY202010-K on EDGAR ↗FY202110-K on EDGAR ↗FY202210-K on EDGAR ↗FY202310-K on EDGAR ↗FY202410-K on EDGAR ↗FY202510-K on EDGAR ↗
Income statement ($M)
Revenue5,8406,3406,9864,7344,4604,264
Operating income1,8632,0012,4252,0972,1182,075
Pretax income1,0761,1791,6911,2581,1801,119
Net income (attributable)1,0561,0961,6751,502-3,903444
Revenue growthcalc(this year’s revenue − last year’s revenue) ÷ last year’s revenue × 100—8.6%10.2%-32.2%-5.8%-4.4%
Operating margincalcoperating income ÷ revenue × 10031.9%31.6%34.7%44.3%47.5%48.7%
Net margincalcnet income attributable to the company ÷ revenue × 10018.1%17.3%24.0%31.7%-87.5%10.4%
Balance sheet ($M)
Total assets38,76839,04038,92138,52732,73631,518
Total equity9,4618,2587,4496,381-133-1,635
Interest-bearing debtSum of short- and long-term borrowings, notes/bonds payable19,28020,62921,72922,92124,08124,337
Equity ratio24.4%21.2%19.1%16.6%-0.4%-5.2%
ROE11.2%12.4%21.3%21.7%——
Cash flow ($M)
Operating CF3,0552,7892,8783,1262,9433,057
Investing CF-1,741-1,332-1,352-1,519-1,220-1,158
Financing CF-1,271-1,310-1,665-1,654-1,708-1,886
Free cash flowcalccash flow from operations − capital expenditures1,4311,5601,5682,8832,7672,875
Cash and equivalents23229215610510099
Per share & other
EPS ($)2.352.533.863.46-8.981.01
BVPS ($)21.9519.1217.2014.70-0.31-3.76
Dividend per share ($)4.935.465.986.266.264.75
Payout ratiocalcdividend per share ÷ diluted EPS × 100209.8%215.8%154.9%180.9%—470.3%
P/E (x)67.782.535.133.3—88.0
EV/EBITDA (x)calc(market cap + interest-bearing debt − cash and equivalents) ÷ (operating income + depreciation & amortization)25.330.319.425.222.222.7
P/B (x)calcfiscal year-end closing price ÷ book value per share7.2510.927.887.83——

P/B and EV/EBITDA use each period’s period-end (fiscal year-end) figures, not the current share price. Figures without a "calc" tag are as reported in the Form 10-K (the consolidated financial statements and, for older years, earlier 10-Ks), pulled automatically from SEC EDGAR. Where a later filing restated a prior period, the restated figure is used.

Last 8 quarters

Three-month figures from 10-Q filings. Change is versus the same quarter a year earlier. Newest quarter on top.

Quarter endedRevenueOperating incomeNet incomeDiluted EPS
2026-09-30$995M-7.2%$465M-11.4%$283M-12.4%$0.67
2026-06-30$1.01B-4.9%$470M-7.1%$94M-67.7%$0.22
2026-03-31$1.01B-4.8%$465M-10.7%$151M$0.34
2025-12-31 †$1.07B-4.3%$523M-8.4%$294M—
2025-09-30$1.07B$525M$323M$0.74
2025-06-30$1.06B$506M$291M$0.67
2025-03-31$1.06B$521M−$464M$-1.07
2024-12-31 †$1.12B$571M−$4.77B—

† Fourth quarter = the 10-K’s annual figure minus the first three quarters; quarterly EPS isn’t derived this way because share counts change during the year.

14

Is ROIC above WACC?From SEC data

ROIC (the return on money invested in the business) above WACC (the cost of raising that money) means the company is creating value. WACC is an estimate, so its assumptions can be adjusted below.

ROIC (FY2025)

8.8%

formulaoperating income × (1 − tax rate) ÷ invested capital × 100 *invested capital = interest-bearing debt + total equity (average of beginning/ending)

e.g.$2,075M × (1 − 1.5%) ÷ $23,325M × 100 = 8.8%

termsOperating income · Effective tax rate · Invested capital · Interest-bearing debt · Total equity

WACC (this site’s estimate)

5.84%

formulacost of equity × equity weight + cost of debt × (1 − tax rate) × debt weight

e.g.Equity weight: $38.66B ÷ ($38.66B + $24.34B) = 61.4%

e.g.Debt weight: $24.34B ÷ ($38.66B + $24.34B) = 38.6%

e.g.WACC: 7.0% × 61.4% + 4.0% × (1 − 1.5%) × 38.6% = 5.84%

termsCost of equity · Equity weight (E/(D+E)) · Cost of debt · (1 − tax rate) · Debt weight (D/(D+E)) · Market capitalization

ROIC − WACC

+2.9pt▲favorable

Earning more than the cost of capital (ROIC > WACC in 6 of 6 years)

formulaROIC − WACC (positive means the business earns more than its cost of capital)

termsROIC · WACC

How firm is this? With the equity risk premium ±1 point and beta ±0.2, WACC runs 5.1%–6.9% and ROIC − WACC runs +1.9 to +3.7 points. The sign holds across this range. This describes the latest year and does not predict future value creation.

WACC 5.84% is this site’s estimate under the assumptions below (not a figure the company has published)

Risk-free rate
4.95% (10-year Treasury, 2026-11-03)
β
0.38 (price-derived adjusted beta, but correlation with the market is low (R² 0.00), so reliability is limited)
Equity risk premium
5.5%
Cost of equity
7.04%
Cost of debt
3.99%
Tax rate
1.5% (effective rate, FY2023–FY2025)
Capital structure (equity : debt)
61% : 39%
→ Change assumptions and recalculate

ROIC over time, vs. WACC

Unit: % — bars = each period's ROIC, horizontal line = latest WACC. Bars above the line are green, below are red

  • ROIC (above WACC)
  • ROIC (below WACC)
  • WACC 5.84%

formulaoperating income × (1 − tax rate) ÷ invested capital × 100 *invested capital = interest-bearing debt + total equity (average of beginning/ending)

termsOperating income · Effective tax rate · Invested capital · Interest-bearing debt · Total equity

formulacost of equity × equity weight + cost of debt × (1 − tax rate) × debt weight

termsCost of equity · Equity weight (E/(D+E)) · Cost of debt · (1 − tax rate) · Debt weight (D/(D+E)) · Market capitalization

Try different WACC assumptions

β and the equity risk premium are estimates with a real range of plausible values — move the sliders to check whether ROIC > WACC still holds. The risk-free rate starts at the 10-year Treasury yield on 2026-11-03 (U.S. Treasury).

Initial β: 0.38 (price-derived adjusted beta. Raw β 0.08, R² 0.00, 130 weeks)

formula0.67 × β + 0.33 (β = the slope of weekly stock returns regressed on weekly market returns)

e.g.0.67 × 0.078 + 0.33 = 0.382

termsβ (beta)

Period 2024-05-10–2026-11-04, using S&P 500 ETF (SPY) as the market proxy. Source: Yahoo Finance price history.

Cost of equity7.04%

formularisk-free rate + β × equity risk premium

e.g.5.0% + 0.38 × 5.5% = 7.0%

termsCAPM · Risk-free rate · β (beta) · Equity risk premium (market risk premium)

Market value of equity$38.66B

formulafiscal year-end closing price × shares outstanding (= market cap)

termsMarket capitalization · Market value of equity

Interest-bearing debt$24.34B
Cost of debt3.99%

formulainterest expense ÷ interest-bearing debt × 100 (clamped to 0–10%; falls back to the risk-free rate if there’s no debt)

termsInterest-bearing debt · Risk-free rate

Capital structure (equity weight : debt weight)61% : 39%

15

What the price implies (DCF)From SEC data

A company's value can be written as its free cash flow divided by (cost of capital − perpetual growth). Working that backwards from the market's valuation shows how much growth the share price assumed — compared here with the company's actual past growth.

Growth the price implies (price on 2026-11-04)

1.3%

Perpetual FCF growth: g = r − FCF ÷ EV = 5.8% − 4.5%

Past FCF growth (FY2020–FY2025)

+15.0%

Compound annual rate, 5 years

Past revenue growth (FY2020–FY2025)

-6.1%

Compound annual rate, 5 years

Inputs (FY2025): free cash flow $2.88B (operating CF − capex); enterprise value $63.46B = market cap $39.22B (latest close, 2026-11-04) + debt $24.34B − cash and short-term investments $99M; r = WACC of 5.8% using this page’s default assumptions (β 0.38, risk-free 5.0%, market premium 5.5%).

Three WACC scenarios

The same calculation under cautious, base and optimistic cost-of-capital assumptions (risk-free rate fixed at the 10-year Treasury yield). Pick one to load it into the sliders below.

Try your own assumptions

V = FCF ÷ (r − g). It starts at the implied growth rate, where the theoretical value equals today’s enterprise value.

Theoretical enterprise value

$63.89B

FCF $2.88B ÷ (5.8% − 1.3%)

Theoretical ÷ actual enterprise value

1.01x

Above 1x: these assumptions value the business above the market did

How sensitive the answer is

Theoretical ÷ actual enterprise value for each combination of r and g.

g \ r3.8%4.8%5.8%6.8%7.8%
0%1.19x0.94x0.78x0.67x0.58x
2%2.52x1.62x1.19x0.94x0.78x
4%—5.66x2.52x1.62x1.19x
6%———5.66x2.52x
8%—————

A simplified model for seeing what the market price assumes, not a forecast or a target price. It treats free cash flow as growing at one constant rate forever; the result swings widely with small changes in r and g, and is undefined when g reaches r. Free cash flow here is operating cash flow minus capex, which is after interest — a full DCF of enterprise value would use cash flow before interest. Market cap uses the latest close (2026-11-04) × shares at fiscal year-end; free cash flow and WACC inputs are from the latest fiscal year.

16

Earnings qualityFrom SEC dataShow

The same reported profit can mean different things depending on whether it's backed by cash, driven by the core business, or the result of a one-off item. Four checks below.

  • ✓

    Operating CF ÷ net income: averages 3.22x

    Profit is backed by cash coming in.

  • ✓

    Accrual ratio (latest): -8.1%

    A small share of profit rests on accounting estimates.

  • ✓

    Core-earnings share (operating income ÷ pretax income): 185%

    Most profit comes from core operations.

  • ✓

    Days sales outstanding: 27 → 13 days

    No major slowdown in collecting on sales.

Operating CF vs. net income

Unit: $M — operating CF above net income means profit is backed by cash

  • Operating CF
  • Net income

formulacash flow from operations ÷ net income attributable to the company

termsCash flow from operations (operating CF) · Net income (attributable to the company)

formula(net income − operating CF) ÷ average total assets × 100

termsNet income (attributable to the company) · Cash flow from operations (operating CF) · Total assets

Source: each period's Form 10-K (SEC EDGAR). Latest: filed 2026-02-23

Profit bridge (FY2025)

Unit: $M — what moved profit from operating income to net income

  • Profit (each stage)
  • Pushed profit up
  • Pushed profit down

formulaoperating income ÷ income before income taxes × 100

termsOperating income · Income before income taxes (pretax income)

Source: each period's Form 10-K (SEC EDGAR). Latest: filed 2026-02-23

Receivables & inventory days

Unit: days — days grow when receivables or inventory build up faster than sales

  • Days sales outstanding

formulaaverage receivables (opening + closing ÷ 2) ÷ revenue × 365

termsAccounts receivable · Revenue (net sales)

formulaaverage inventory (opening + closing ÷ 2) ÷ cost of revenue × 365

termsInventory · Cost of revenue (COGS)

Worked examples (latest period)

formulacash flow from operations ÷ net income attributable to the company

e.g.$3,057M ÷ $444M = 6.89x

termsCash flow from operations (operating CF) · Net income (attributable to the company)

formulaoperating income ÷ income before income taxes × 100

e.g.$2,075M ÷ $1,119M × 100 = 185%

termsOperating income · Income before income taxes (pretax income)

formulaaverage receivables (opening + closing ÷ 2) ÷ revenue × 365

e.g.($129M + $172M) ÷ 2 ÷ $4,264M × 365 = 13 days

termsAccounts receivable · Revenue (net sales)

formulaaverage inventory (opening + closing ÷ 2) ÷ cost of revenue × 365

termsInventory · Cost of revenue (COGS)

17

Who holds the sharesFrom SEC dataShow

How much of the stock large institutional investors report owning on SEC Form 13F, how much the directors and executive officers hold (and how much of the vote they control), and roughly how much is left for individual investors. Shown next to beta so the holder mix can be read alongside how much the stock swings.

Institutions, insiders and everyone else, 13F holdings as of 2026-06-30

“Everyone else” is what remains after shares reported on Form 13F and shares held by directors and executive officers: mostly individual investors, plus non-insider families or foundations and smaller or foreign institutions. The figures have different dates and 13F reports count some shares twice — read it as an approximate split.

Held by 13F filers
99.4%
Directors & officers (shares)
<1%
Everyone else (est.)
0.6%

individuals and other non-13F holders

Directors & officers (voting power)
<1%

no separate voting figure; shown as shares

Institutional-ownership rank
66 of 416

1 = most institutional; 16% of covered companies have more

Beta (adjusted)
0.38

above 1 = swings more than the market

  • 423.0M shares reported by 935 13F filers ÷ 425.5M shares outstanding on 2026-08-03. Option positions are excluded.
  • Directors and executive officers as a group, from the proxy statement’s beneficial-ownership table; includes shares they can acquire within 60 days.
  • A large “everyone else” share can still reflect a family, trust or foundation stake held outside the board; check the proxy statement’s 5% holders.

Sources: SEC Form 13F data set (holdings as of 2026-06-30) · Form DEF 14A filed 2026-04-06 (beneficial ownership table) · Form 10-Q cover page (shares outstanding as of 2026-08-03)

18

Strengths & weaknessesSite analysis

Strengths

  1. 1. Recurring contracted revenue

    Site rental revenue comes mostly from long-term contracts with escalators and limited termination rights, with $23.7B of expected future cash inflows at year-end 2025 (excluding DISH).

    Evidence: Form 10-K (FY2025) Item 1 and MD&A

  2. 2. Low capital needs

    Once built, towers need sustaining capital expenditures of typically about 1% of net revenues.

    Evidence: Form 10-K (FY2025) MD&A

  3. 3. Cash from the fiber sale

    The fiber and small cells sale brought $8.4B of net proceeds; Crown Castle then completed $1B of share repurchases and repaid more than $7B of debt.

    Evidence: 8-K filed 2026-07-22 (Exhibit 99.1)

  4. 4. Rising AFFO per share

    The 2026 outlook (July 2026) calls for AFFO per share of $4.59 at the midpoint, up 5% from $4.36 in 2025.

    Evidence: 8-K filed 2026-07-22 (Exhibit 99.1)

Weaknesses

  1. 1. Three tenants dominate

    T-Mobile (40%), AT&T (27%), and Verizon (22%) made up 89% of consolidated 2025 revenues.

    Evidence: Form 10-K (FY2025) Note 15

  2. 2. DISH termination

    In January 2026, Crown Castle terminated its agreements with DISH for non-payment; the 2026 outlook includes no DISH revenue and expects about $220M less site rental revenue as a result.

    Evidence: Form 10-K (FY2025) MD&A

  3. 3. Negative equity and heavy debt

    Stockholders' equity was −$1.6B and interest-bearing debt $24.3B at year-end 2025; 2024 ended in a $3.9B net loss even though continuing operations earned $1.16B.

    Evidence: SEC EDGAR XBRL

  4. 4. Shrinking revenue

    Continuing-operations revenue fell from $4.73B (FY2023) to $4.26B (FY2025), and 2026 site rental revenues are guided down 5%.

    Evidence: SEC EDGAR XBRL; 8-K filed 2026-07-22

19

What draws investors to itSite analysis

Why the stock can look attractive to investors — each point paired with what has to hold for it to stay true, and the opposing view. This is this site's analysis, not a recommendation to buy or sell.

P/E (FY2025)

88.0x

Price at fiscal year-end ÷ diluted EPS

Dividend yield (FY2025)

5.34%

Dividends per share ÷ fiscal year-end price

Payout ratio (FY2025)

470%

Dividends per share ÷ diluted EPS

FCF yield (FY2025)

7.4%

(Operating CF − capex) ÷ market cap

  1. 1. Dividend

    Quarterly dividend of $1.0625 per share ($4.25 a year), unchanged in Q2 2026; the company says it expects to increase the dividend as cash flows grow.

    What has to hold
    AFFO keeps growing after DISH's exit.
    The other side
    The dividend was cut by about a third in 2025.

    Evidence: Form 10-K (FY2025) MD&A; 8-K filed 2026-07-22

  2. 2. Pure-play towers

    After the sale, Crown Castle is a U.S. tower operator with long-term contracts and low sustaining capital needs.

    What has to hold
    Carriers keep adding equipment to towers.
    The other side
    Revenue depends heavily on three carriers.

    Evidence: 8-K filed 2026-07-22; Form 10-K (FY2025) Item 1

P/E, dividend yield, and payout ratio use the FY2025 year-end share price. FY2021–FY2022 figures include the fiber business; FY2023 onward are restated to continuing operations (towers).

20

ResilienceSite analysisShow

How well the company could absorb a bad year: its financial buffer, how its revenue and profit held up in the worst year on record, and what the 10-K says about the business's exposure to shocks. Figures and filing statements only — no overall rating.

1. Financial buffer (FY2025)

Cash & short-term investments ÷ debt due within a year

0.0x

$99M vs. $2.78B

Interest coverage (operating income ÷ interest expense)

2.1x

$2.08B vs. $972M

Free cash flow ÷ dividends paid

1.4x

$2.88B vs. $2.08B (FCF = operating CF − capex)

2. Worst year in the record, and the recovery

FigureWorst year-over-year changeBack to the prior level?
Revenue-32.2% in FY2023 ($6.99B → $4.73B)Not yet, as of FY2025
Operating income-13.5% in FY2023 ($2.43B → $2.1B)Not yet, as of FY2025

Covers only the 6 fiscal years on record (FY2020–FY2025), which may not include a full recession — the worst year here isn’t necessarily how the company would fare in a severe downturn.

3. Business resilience (from the 10-K)

  • Contracted cash flows

    $23.7B of expected future cash inflows from tenant contracts (excluding DISH).

    Source: Form 10-K (FY2025), MD&A

  • Liquidity

    About $4.5B of availability under the revolving credit facility at June 30, 2026.

    Source: 8-K filed 2026-07-22 (Exhibit 99.1)

  • Debt profile

    100% fixed-rate debt with about 7 years' weighted-average maturity at June 30, 2026.

    Source: 8-K filed 2026-07-22 (Exhibit 99.1)

22

Risks (including geopolitical)Site analysis

Starting from the 10-K's Risk Factors section, organized by category — geopolitical, currency, raw materials, regulatory, disaster, and more — with impact and likelihood assessed by this site.

Risk map

Vertical = impact on results, horizontal = likelihood. Upper right = most severe. Numbers match the list below (placement is this site’s own assessment).

Impact
High
1
Med
5
346
2
Low
LowMedHigh

Likelihood →

"Company disclosure" vs. "this site’s assessment"

The description and mitigation for each risk are this site’s summary of the 10-K’s "Risk Factors" section. Impact and likelihood are this site’s own assessment, not the company’s — where the company discloses its own likelihood assessment, that is noted in the summary.

Impact is judged from how large the affected business is relative to total revenue/profit, and from the risk’s track record of moving results in the past. Likelihood is judged from the filing’s wording and the current business environment (already occurring, or recurring). See the rating criteria.

  1. 1Customer/supplier concentration

    Dependence on three carriers

    Company disclosure (summarized from the 10-K)
    Loss of any of T-Mobile, AT&T, or Verizon through consolidation, network sharing, bankruptcy, or other reasons could materially cut revenue and force impairments.
    Company’s stated mitigation
    Long-term contracts with limited termination rights.
    This site’s assessment
    Impact High / Likelihood Med
  2. 2Customers & sales

    DISH receivable

    Company disclosure (summarized from the 10-K)
    Crown Castle asserts that DISH owes all remaining payments under the terminated agreements, over $3.5B, but recovery is uncertain.
    Company’s stated mitigation
    Not stated in the filings.
    This site’s assessment
    Impact Med / Likelihood High
  3. 3Competition & technology shift

    Competition and new deployment methods

    Company disclosure (summarized from the 10-K)
    Competitors include American Tower, SBA Communications, small cell operators (including the buyer of Crown Castle's former small cells), tenants' own towers, and new alternative deployment methods.
    Company’s stated mitigation
    Not stated in the filings.
    This site’s assessment
    Impact Med / Likelihood Med
  4. 4Funding & liquidity

    Leverage

    Company disclosure (summarized from the 10-K)
    The business carries large debt; after the sale, Crown Castle repaid more than $7B and reported 100% fixed-rate debt with about 7 years' weighted-average maturity.
    Company’s stated mitigation
    A new $4.5B unsecured revolving credit facility (May 2026); the company describes its balance sheet as investment grade.
    This site’s assessment
    Impact Med / Likelihood Med
  5. 5Law & regulation

    REIT status

    Company disclosure (summarized from the 10-K)
    Failing to qualify as a REIT would raise taxes, and the 90% distribution requirement limits flexibility.
    Company’s stated mitigation
    Not stated in the filings.
    This site’s assessment
    Impact Med / Likelihood Low
  6. 6Costs & inflation

    Ground lease costs

    Company disclosure (summarized from the 10-K)
    About 60% of towers gross margin comes from towers on leased land, and operating expenses tend to rise at about the rate of inflation.
    Company’s stated mitigation
    Increasing land ownership under its towers, per the CEO's Q2 2026 comments.
    This site’s assessment
    Impact Med / Likelihood Med

23

What changed in the risk factorsFrom SEC data

Paragraphs in the latest 10-K's Risk Factors that have little overlap with the year before, and paragraphs that were dropped.

New or substantially reworded (8)

  • • If we do not continue to make appropriate investments in, and effectively implement and maintain, our information technology systems and digital capabilities, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

  • On January 12, 2026, we delivered a notice of default and termination to DISH relating to our Master Lease Agreement and underlying agreements with DISH as a result of DISH failing to make required payments and defaulting on its obligations under the agreements. As a result of the termination, we assert in the notice that DISH owes us all remaining payments under these agreements, which total in excess of $3.5 billion. As of December 31, 2025, associated with our agreements with DISH, we had recorded on our consolidated balance sheet approximately $50 million within "Receivables, net" and approximately $150 million within "Deferred site rental receivables," partially offset by approximately $34 million recorded within "Deferred revenues" and "Other long-term liabilities." We expect the total net balance sheet impact of approximately $165 million will ultimately be recoverable, and…

  • If we do not continue to make appropriate investments in, and effectively implement and maintain, our information technology systems and digital capabilities, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

  • Our business relies on information technology ("IT") systems to support key operational, commercial, and financial processes, including site and asset management, leasing and contract administration, billing and collections, construction and supply chain activities, regulatory compliance, and financial reporting. Our industry continues to experience increasing operational complexity and growing reliance on digital tools, automation, data analytics, and integrated systems, including the use of artificial intelligence. We continue to seek to drive organizational improvement through digital transformation initiatives and modernizing our legacy IT systems.

  • If we do not invest in modernizing our IT systems or fail to effectively execute our digital transformation initiatives, we may experience operational inefficiencies, higher operating costs, reduced scalability, and limitations on our ability to respond to customer requirements or support deployment activity. In addition, reliance on legacy or fragmented systems may affect data accuracy, system reliability, and management’s ability to obtain timely and actionable information.

  • Some of our IT and digital initiatives require significant investment, which can be complex and are subject to risks, including implementation delays, cost overruns, integration challenges, and disruption to ongoing operations. Read more

    Even when successfully implemented, such systems may not deliver anticipated benefits or may require ongoing investment to remain effective as technologies, customer expectations, and industry practices evolve.

  • If our competitors or customers adopt advanced digital capabilities more quickly than we do, we could be at a competitive disadvantage. Read more

    Any failure to effectively invest in or execute our IT and digital initiatives could adversely affect our operational performance, financial results, and ability to execute our business strategy.

  • In February 2026, we initiated the 2026 Restructuring Plan as part of our efforts to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the our standalone tower business. Read more

    As a result, we announced a reduction of our total tower and corporate employee headcount by approximately 20%.

No longer in the text (4)

  • Our focus on and disclosure of our ESG position, metrics, strategy, goals and initiatives expose us to potential litigation or regulatory action and other adverse effects to our business.

  • In recent years, certain of our investors, tenants, employees and other stakeholders have increased their focus on ESG matters and disclosure. Read more

    In response, we have published ESG reports and related materials and made other public announcements regarding our ESG position, initiatives and goals. Our ESG metrics, initiatives and goals, and progress against those goals, may be based on standards that are still developing and that may not be uniformly adopted or applied by other companies, processes and internal controls that continue to evolve, potentially missing or deficient third-party data, wide range of acceptable estimation techniques, and estimates and assumptions that are subject to a greater degree of uncertainty and may change more frequently than those underlying our financial metrics. Our ESG initiatives and goals may be difficult to implement, may lead to increased scrutiny by…

  • In addition, we are subject to, and may become subject to additional, climate change-based and other ESG-related laws, regulations and policies, with varying scopes and complexity, such as the SEC's climate-related disclosure rules and the State of California's carbon and climate disclosure laws, that have increased, and could further increase, compliance burdens and associated costs. Applicable laws, regulations and policies in some jurisdictions may conflict with those in other jurisdictions. In addition, regulators may interpret and apply laws, regulations and policies in a manner inconsistent with previous interpretation and application. Failure to comply with any legislation, regulation or policy, including as a result of good faith

  • interpretations that may differ from those taken by the relevant enforcement authorities, could potentially result in substantial fines, criminal sanctions, reputational harm or operational changes.

2 more paragraphs differ; the filings below have the full text.

Matched automatically, quoted as filed, and may include rewording of an existing risk. Compares Item 1A of the 10-K filed Feb 23, 2026 ↗ with the 10-K filed Mar 14, 2025 ↗.

24

What to watch going forwardSite analysis

  • Recovery of amounts claimed from DISH.
  • Organic site rental growth excluding DISH and Sprint cancellations.
  • Use of the $1B buyback authorization and dividend growth.
  • Savings from the 2026 restructuring (about $65M a year).
  • Carrier capital spending and consolidation.

25

Source documentsShow

This page's financial figures come from the Form 10-Ks listed below. Check the original filings for full detail.

Last updated

Analysis last edited: October 12, 2026 · Financial data fetched: October 17, 2026 10:06 (SEC EDGAR) · Source 10-K filed: February 23, 2026

Built on10-K FY2025 · filed 2026-02-23

Next update expectedAfter FY2026’s 10-K is filed (roughly 60–90 days after fiscal year end (sooner for larger filers)), financials and analysis will be refreshed.

This page is this site’s own analysis based on public information, and does not represent Crown Castle’s views. It is not a recommendation to buy or sell any security, and this site does not guarantee the accuracy of any figure or statement here. Always verify against the original source documents before making an investment decision.